Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) testing can be used to screen for chromosomal abnormalities and serious genetic mutations. Performing PGD prior to transferring embryos during IVF can reduce the risk of miscarriage, birth defects, and genetic disease. However, some people have ethical concerns about the process. Below, we will take a look at how PGD testing works, as well as the ethical concerns associated with it.

How PGD Testing Works

To perform PGD, the IVF laboratory staff need to remove 1-2 cells from the embryo. It is possible to perform this embryo "biopsy" at three different points in their development. It is currently thought that the best time for embryo biopsy is after 5-6 days when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage. This is known as a trophoblast biopsy. A variety of tests can be performed on these non-essential cells. If the cells are examined to determine whether or not there are a normal number of chromosomes it is called PGS or preimplantation genetic screening. If the couple is concerned about passing on genetic illnesses like sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis, it is possible to test the cells for the mutations which cause these problems.‍

Ethical Concerns

Some people have objections to the use of PGD, for a variety of reasons. Some have concerns that the procedure will eventually be used for eugenics, or the selection of certain characteristics over others. Others do not approve of the use of PGD to select embryos of a certain sex as a form of family balancing. Still others may object to any procedure that does not use all of the embryos created in IVF. Doctors who perform PGD do so because the science clearly shows the benefits of maximizing the chances of a healthy pregnancy and preventing the development of serious uncurable genetic illnesses.

‍Making the Choice

‍Although PGD testing can be a beneficial practice for many couples, each couple must decide for themselves whether or not they are comfortable with the use of PGD. For those who have suffered or seen family members suffer from a devastating illness like cystic fibrosis, choosing PGD may be an easy choice, but it is not a simple decision for everyone. Evaluating your own thoughts and values along with the risks and benefits of the procedure can help you make an informed choice that is right for your family. No one should ever be forced to use PGD if they are not comfortable with it.

On the flip side, couples who want or need PGD should not be denied the choice to use it for themselves. If you are interested in IVF and PGD testing, Dr. Randy Morris would be happy to hear from you. To schedule your consultation today, please click below and enter your information or call IVF1 at (212) 398-1888.